German laws everyone planning to go to Germany should know

Moving to a New Country

Moving to a new country always involves adapting to a new environment, including getting to know the local laws and regulations. Germany is no exception. Moreover, this country has always been known for its strict adherence to laws and regulations. Knowing the basic legal aspects of living in this country will help you avoid trouble and facilitate the integration process.

Entry and Residence in Germany

For legal residence in Germany, Ukrainian citizens generally need a visa or must be citizens of a country that has a visa-free agreement with the European Union. The type of visa depends on the purpose of your stay (study, work, tourism, etc.). You can obtain a visa at the German embassy or consulate in your country.

If you plan to travel with a biometric passport, prepare for the trip and have the following ready:

• Know the purpose of your trip. When crossing the border, you will need to state the purpose and duration of your stay in Germany. If the stay exceeds 90 days, you must have a visa or a permit for temporary or permanent residence in addition to your passport.

• Place of residence. Prepare a hotel booking, a rental agreement, or another document that confirms you have a place to stay. If you are visiting someone, you need the exact address and contact information of the person who can confirm your visit.

• Insurance. If using a visa-free regime, obtain travel insurance before your trip. This will not only help avoid problems at the border but also protect you during your stay in the country.

• Funds. Be prepared to show sufficient funds. The amount depends on the length of stay and the purpose of the trip.

Visa Requirements and Procedures

If you plan to stay in Germany for more than 90 days, you need a visa. Due to the current situation, Ukrainian citizens and third-country nationals who permanently reside in Ukraine can obtain visas to stay in Germany through German diplomatic missions located in neighboring countries.

What Types of Long-Term Visas Are Available in Germany?

Depending on the purpose of your trip, when submitting documents, you need to choose the type of visa you want to obtain, namely:

• For studies. This includes visas for university students, language course students (over three months), and for scientific research.

• Work. If the purpose of your trip is employment, including seasonal work, or if you want to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

• Family reunification. For spouses and children of German citizens or other family members.

• Others. For representatives of foreign banks, for cultural, educational, scientific, sports, and volunteer activities, for medical treatment, and more.

This is only a general list of visa types. There are other, less common types of visas. If you are unsure which visa you need, you can use the visa calculator on the German embassy's website.

Residence Registration Rules

Ukrainians residing in Germany on a permanent or temporary basis must adhere to the residence registration rules. This procedure is mandatory and regulated by German law. Registration is crucial for obtaining various services, rights, and benefits provided by local authorities and social security agencies, so it should not be neglected.

How to Register a Place of Residence in Germany?

1. Contact the Foreigners' Office (Ausländerbehörde). You will need to present your passport, residence permit (if you have one), and proof of residence (e.g., rental agreement).

2. Fill out the registration form (Anmeldung).

3. Obtain a registration confirmation (Anmeldebestätigung). This document confirms that you are registered at the address. You will need this document for many official procedures, such as opening a bank account or obtaining health insurance.

Note that this must be done within 14 days after arriving in Germany. If you move to a new address, you must inform the Foreigners' Office within 14 days.

Residence registration can also be done online in some German cities. Check your city's website to see if this option is available.
Employment Laws for Foreigners

The labor market for foreigners in Germany is regulated by current legislative acts and orders. Let's consider the main types:

• Residence Act: This law determines who can enter and stay in Germany, as well as the conditions of their stay.

• Employment Act: Regulates working conditions in Germany, including minimum wages, working hours, and vacation.

• Employment Regulation: This document supplements the Employment Act and establishes rules for specific professions and industries.

• Skilled Workers Immigration Act: This law facilitates the entry and employment of skilled professionals from abroad in Germany.

• Recognition of Foreign Qualifications Act: Determines how foreign diplomas and professional qualifications are recognized in Germany.

• Federal States Regulations: Each of Germany's 16 federal states has its own laws and rules regarding the employment of foreigners.

For more detailed and up-to-date information, it is recommended to refer to the following sources:

• Federal Employment Agency: https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/

• Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs: https://www.bmas.de/

Traffic Rules and Regulations

The traffic rules in Germany are largely similar to those in other European countries. Some of the most important rules include:

• Right-Hand Traffic: In Germany, cars drive on the right side of the road, and overtaking is done on the left.

• "Priority to the Right" Rule: This rule means that if a traffic light is not working or absent, drivers must give way to vehicles coming from the right.

• Speed Limits: Speed limits in Germany are usually indicated by road signs. For example, in urban areas, the maximum allowed speed is typically 50 km/h, while on highways, there may be no speed limits or specific limits set on certain sections.

• Autobahn: German autobahns are famous for having no speed limits on some sections. However, drivers must follow safety rules and consider road conditions.

• Seat Belts: The use of seat belts is mandatory for both drivers and passengers in the front and rear seats.

• Mobile Phones: Drivers are prohibited from using mobile phones without a hands-free device while driving.

• Alcohol: The maximum permissible blood alcohol level for drivers in Germany is 0.05%.

Smoking and Alcohol Restrictions in Certain Areas

Since 2007, Germany has had a law banning smoking in public places. The law was adopted as part of a health improvement strategy for the population. Smoking is prohibited in the following places:

• All enclosed spaces used for public access,

• Workplaces,

• Restaurants, cafes, and bars,

• Train stations, airports,

• Educational institutions,

• Sports facilities,

• Children's playgrounds.

Germany does not have a nationwide ban on drinking alcohol in public places. However, some federal states and cities have their own laws that restrict alcohol consumption in certain areas.

Violating these rules can result in fines. The amount of the fine can vary:

• For smoking, from 20 to 50 euros, depending on the federal state or city.

• For alcohol consumption, from 10 to 50 euros, depending on the federal state or city.

Noise Restrictions

Germany has strict noise regulations aimed at protecting people's peace. These rules apply both day and night. It is forbidden to make noise that may disturb neighbors from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM. This rule applies to any noise, including:

• Loud conversations,

• Music,

• Dog barking,

• Construction work.

Violating noise rules can result in a fine ranging from 50 to 500 euros, depending on the severity of the violation.

Waste Disposal and Recycling Rules

When it comes to waste sorting, Germany is likely the first country that comes to mind. Germany has a highly developed waste management system aimed at maximizing waste recycling.

How is waste sorted in Germany?

Waste must be sorted by material type:

• Paper,

• Plastic,

• Glass,

• Metal,

• Biowaste.

Waste Disposal:

• Waste can only be disposed of in designated containers,

• Containers for different types of waste may have different colors,

• Waste collection schedules depend on the city and federal laws.

Following waste disposal and recycling rules helps protect the environment. Recycling waste conserves resources and reduces the amount of waste that goes to landfills.

Features of German Labor Law

German labor law is based on the principle of social partnership, which involves cooperation between employers, trade unions, and the government.

Key provisions of German labor law:

• The typical workweek is 40 hours.

• Vacation ranges from 20 to 30 working days per year.

• The minimum wage in Germany is €12 gross per hour (as of October 1, 2023).

• Terminating employees in Germany can be a complex process that requires adherence to certain procedures.

Rules for Receiving Medical Assistance

There are two main ways to receive medical assistance in Germany:

1. Public Insurance: Most people in Germany have public health insurance. This insurance covers most treatment costs, including doctor visits, prescriptions, and hospital stays.

2. Private Insurance: Private insurance can cover more costs than public insurance, such as dental treatments and eyeglasses.

How to get medical assistance in Germany?

• Register with a doctor.

• Obtain a referral for treatment from a specialist.

• Present your insurance card when receiving medical assistance.

Rental Rules

Before renting accommodation, you must sign a rental agreement. The rental agreement should include:

• Information about the landlord and tenant,

• Description of the accommodation,

• Rent,

• Utilities,

• Term of the agreement,

• Conditions for terminating the agreement.

Make sure to read all important points before signing the agreement.

What are the features of renting accommodation in Germany?

• A mandatory deposit, usually equal to 1-2 months' rent. This amount will be returned after the agreement is terminated, provided the terms were met and the landlord does not need to repair the accommodation or furniture after your stay.

• Utilities are usually not included in the rent.

• Rent is usually paid monthly.

• In most cases, you can terminate the rental agreement with two months' notice. However, this period can be negotiated in advance and included in the rental agreement.

Interestingly, Germany has a special Tenants' Association that protects the rights of people who rent accommodation. More information about their work can be found on their website: https://mieterbund.de/

Germany is a country with a rich history and culture, as well as a well-defined legal system. Knowing some basic laws can help you avoid problems during your stay in this country.